Nitric Acid
Q1. Choose the correct answer from the options given
below.
(i) The brown ring test is used for the detection
of: [2011][1]
a.
CO32-
b.
NO3-
c.
SO32-
d. Cl-
Show Answer
Ans. NO3-
(ii) The gas formed, when calcium
bisulphite reacts with dilute HNO3: [2022][1]
a.
Sulphur trioxide
b.
Hydrogen
c.
Sulphur dioxide
d. Hydrogen sulphide
Show Answer
Ans. Sulphur dioxide
Q2. Name the following:
1. A catalyst used in the manufacture of nitric acid by Ostwald’s process. [2011][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Platinum
2. The gas produced when copper reacts with conc. nitric acid. [2012][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Nitrogen dioxide
3. A metal which is unaffected by dilute or concentrated acids. [2012][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Platinum
4. An acid which is prepared by catalytic oxidation of ammonia. [2015][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Nitric acid
5. The acid formed when sulphur reacts with concentrated nitric acid. [2022][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Sulphuric acid
6. The acid formed when potassium nitrate reacts with a least volatile acid. [2022][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Nitric acid
Q3. Identify the gas involved.
1. Sulphur is treated with concentrated nitric acid. [2013][2018 type][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Nitrogen dioxide
2. A few crystals of KNO3 are heated in a hard glass test tube. [2013][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Oxygen
3. Action of cold and dilute nitric acid on copper. [2018][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Nitric oxide (NO)
Q4. What would you observe in each of the following
cases?
(i) Copper is heated with concentrated
nitric acid in a hard glass test tube. [2011]
Show Answer
Ans. Reddish brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide are formed.
(ii) Zinc nitrate crystals are strongly
heated. [2012][1]
Show Answer
Ans. A reddish brown gas is released.
(iii) A
few crystals of potassium nitrate are heated in a hard glass test tube.
[2013][1]
Show Answer
Ans. A colourless gas is evolved which rekindles a glowing splinter.
(iv) When crystals of copper nitrate are
heated in a test tube. [2015][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Reddish brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide are released.
(v) Action of concentrated nitric acid on
copper. [2020][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Reddish brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide are formed.
(vi) Carbon reacts with hot concentrated
nitric acid. [2022][1]
Show Answer
Ans. A reddish brown gas is released.
Q5. State
two relevant observations for each of the following:
(i) Lead nitrate crystals are heated in a
hard glass test tube. [2013][2019][2]
Show Answer
Ans. Reddish brown gas is evolved and yellow residue is left.
Q6. Write balanced chemical equations for the
following:
(i) Ferric hydroxide reacts with nitric
acid. [2011][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Fe(OH)3 + 3HNO3 -----> Fe(NO3)3 + 3H2O
(ii) Action of dilute nitric acid on
copper carbonate. [2012][1]
Show Answer
Ans. CuCO3 + 2HNO3 --> Cu(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O
(iii) Oxidation of carbon with concentrated
nitric acid. [2013][1]
Show Answer
this
(iv) Action of heat on a mixture of copper
and concentrated nitric acid. [2014][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Cu + 4HNO3 (conc.) ---heat----> Cu(NO3)2 + 2H2O + 2NO2
(v) Laboratory preparation of nitric acid.
[2014][2017[1]
Show Answer
Ans. NaNO3 + H2SO4 ---<200⁰C--> NaHSO4 +HNO3
(vi) Action of hot and concentrated nitric
acid on copper. [2016][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Cu + 4HNO3 (conc.) ----> Cu(NO3)2 + 2H2O + 2NO2
(vii) Action of cold and dilute nitric acid
on copper. [2017][1]
Show Answer
Ans. 3Cu + dil. 8HNO3 ------> 3Cu(NO3)2 +4H2O +2NO
(viii) Action of conc. nitric acid on
sulphur. [2017][2019][1]
Show Answer
Ans. S + 6HNO3 -----> H2SO4 + 6NO2
(ix) Reaction of ammonia with nitric acid.
[2017][1]
Show Answer
Ans. NH3 + HNO3 --------> NH4NO3
(x) Reaction of carbon powder and conc.
nitric acid. [2020][1]
Show Answer
Ans. C + 4HNO3 ---------> CO2 + 2H2O + 4NO2
Q7. Some word/words are missing in the following
statements. You are required to rewrite the statements in the correct form
using the appropriate word/words:
(i) Aqua regia contains one part by
volume of nitric acid and three parts by volume of hydrochloric acid. [2012][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Aqua regia contains one part by volume of concentrated nitric acid and three parts by volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid.
(ii) Magnesium reacts with nitric acid to
liberate hydrogen gas. [2012][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Magnesium reacts with very dilute and cold nitric acid to liberate hydrogen gas.
Q8. Give reasons for the following.
(i) Iron is rendered passive with fuming
nitric acid. [2012][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Due to the formation of a layer of iron oxide which stops further reaction.
(ii) Dilute
nitric acid is generally considered a typical acid but not so in its reaction
with metals. [2015][1]
Show Answer
Ans. It is so because it does not liberate hydrogen with metals except with magnesium and manganese. It is a powerful oxidising agent and the nascent oxygen formed oxidises hydrogen to water.
(iii) Concentrated
nitric acid appears yellow when it is left for a while in a glass bottle. [2020][2015]
[Specimen 2023][1]
Show Answer
Ans. When nitric acid is left standing, it decomposes to form reddish brown nitrogen dioxide gas which dissolves to form a yellow solution.
(iv) An all glass apparatus is used in the
laboratory preparation of nitric acid. [2015][Specimen 2023][1]
Ans. It is so because nitric acid vapours are highly corrosive and attack
materials like rubber, cork, metal, etc.
Show Answer
this
Q9. Fill in the blanks from the choices given within
brackets:
(i) Cold, dilute nitric acid reacts with
copper to form ……………………. (Hydrogen, nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide). [2014][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Nitric oxide
Q10. What is the special feature of the apparatus that is
used in the laboratory preparation of nitric acid. [2011][1]
Show Answer
Ans. It is an all glass apparatus because nitric acid vapours are highly corrosive.
Q11. Why should the temperature of the reaction
mixture of nitric acid not be allowed to rise above 200⁰C? [2011]
Show Answer
Ans. Because above 200⁰C,
(i) fuel is wasted.
(ii) nitric acid will decompose.
(iii) glass apparatus may crack.
(iv) sodium sulphate formed, forms a hard crust and sticks to the glass which is difficult to remove.
Q12. Identify the anion present in the following compounds:
(i) Compound
X on heating with copper turnings and concentrated sulphuric acid liberates a
reddish brown gas. [2012][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Nitrate ion (NO3-)
Q13. Fill in
the blanks using the appropriate words below: [2016][2]
(Sulphur
dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Nitric oxide, Sulphuric acid)
(i) Cold,
dilute nitric acid reacts with copper to give …………….
Show Answer
Ans. Nitric oxide
(ii) Hot,
concentrated nitric acid reacts with sulphur to form ………………
Show Answer
Ans. Nitrogen dioxide
Q14. What is
the type of salt formed when the reactants are heated at a suitable temperature
for the preparation of nitric acid? [2018][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Acid salt (Sodium hydrogen sulphate is formed)
Q15. State
why for the preparation of nitric acid, the complete apparatus is made up of
glass. [2018][1]
Show Answer
Ans. It is so because nitric acid vapours are highly corrosive and attack materials like rubber, cork, metal, etc.
Q16. Complete the following equations. [2019][3] [Specimen 2023]
(i) S + conc. HNO3 ----->
Show Answer
Ans. S + 6HNO3 -----> H2SO4 + 6NO2 +2H2O
(ii) C +conc. HNO3 ------>
Show Answer
Ans. C +conc. 4HNO3 ------> CO2 +2H2O +4NO2
(iii) Cu + dil. HNO3 ------>
Show Answer
Ans. 3Cu + dil. 8HNO3 ------> 3Cu(NO3)2 +4H2O +2NO
Q17. Identify
the substances underlined.
(i) The
dilute acid which is an oxidising agent. [2019][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Dil. Nitric acid
Q18. Identify
the gas Q. [2022][1]
A metallic
nitrate reacts on heating gives oxygen gas along with a coloured gas Q.
Show Answer
Ans. Nitrogen dioxide
Q19. Write balanced equation for the following conversions: [2022][1]
a. Ferric nitrate from ferric hydroxide
and nitric acid.
Show Answer
Ans. Fe(OH)3 + 3HNO3 -----> Fe(NO3)3 + 3H2O
Q20. Study
the diagram, which shows the Brown Ring Test and answer the questions given
below: [2022][3]
(a) Which
ion is determined by Brown Ring Test?
Show Answer
Ans. Nitrate ion
(b) Why is
freshly prepared iron [II] sulphate used in the test?
Show Answer
Ans. A freshly prepared iron [II] sulphate solution is used in the test because on exposure to the atmosphere, it is oxidised to iron [III] sulphate which will not give the brown ring.
(c)
Name the substance Z.
Show Answer
Ans. Sulphuric acid and nitric acid
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