Hydrogen Chloride
Q1. Choose the
correct answer from the options given
below:
(i)
Hydrogen
chloride gas being highly soluble in water is
dried by: [1][2011]
a.
Anhydrous
calcium chloride
b.
Phosphorus
pentoxide
c.
Quick lime
d.
Concentrated
sulphuric acid
Show Answer
Ans. d. Concentrated sulphuric acid
(ii)
The aim of the fountain experiment is to prove that: [1][2016]
a.
HCl turns blue
litmus red
b.
HCl is denser
than air
c.
HCl is highly
soluble in water
d.
HCl fumes in
moist air
Show Answer
Ans. c. HCl is highly soluble in water
(iii)
The drying agent
used to dry HCl gas is
[2019]
a.
Conc.
H2SO4
b.
ZnO
c.
CaO
d.
Al2O3
Show Answer
Ans. A. Conc. H2SO4
(iv)
Drying agent
used to dry hydrogen chloride gas is:
[Specimen 2023]
a.
Concentrated
sulphuric acid
b.
Calcium oxide
c.
Sulphurous acid
d.
Calcium
hydroxide
Show Answer
Ans. a. Concentrated sulphuric acid
(v)
Hydrogen
chloride gas is not collected over water as:
[2022]
a.
It is highly
soluble in water.
b.
It is less
soluble in water.
c.
It is lighter
than air.
d.
It is heavier
than air.
Show Answer
a. It is highly soluble in water.
(vi)
The metallic
oxide which when reacts with HCl forms
salt and water: [2022]
a.
Carbon
monoxide
b.
Nitrous
oxide
c.
Ammonium
hydroxide
d.
Sodium
oxide
Show Answer
Ans. Sodium oxide
Q2. Write the
balanced chemical equations for each of
the following reactions:
(i)
Sodium thiosulphate is reacted with dilute
hydrochloric acid. [1][2011]
Show Answer
Ans. Na2S2O3 + 2HCl --------> 2NaCl + H2O + SO2 + S↓
(ii)
Calcium bicarbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric
acid. [1][2011]
Show Answer
Ans. Ca(HCO3)2 +2HCl ---------> CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2CO2
(iii)
Silver nitrate solution and sodium chloride solution.
[1][2012]
Show Answer
Ans. NaCl + AgNO3 ---------> AgCl + NaNO3
(iv)
Action of dilute hydrochloric acid on sodium
sulphide.[2014][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Na2S + 2HCl ----> 2NaCl + H2S
(v)
Action
of hydrochloric acid on sodium sulphite. [1][2016]
Show Answer
Ans. Na2SO3 + 2HCl —-------> 2NaCl + H2O + SO2
(vi)
Action of dilute hydrochloric acid on magnesium
sulphite. [2018][1]
Show Answer
Ans. MgSO3 + 2HCl ----> MgCl2
+ H2O + SO2
(vii) Action of heat on manganese dioxide and concentrated hydrochloric acid. [1][2022]
Show Answer
Ans. MnO2 + 4HCl(conc.) -----heat
----> MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2↑
(viii) Zinc
reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride. [1][2022]
Show Answer
Ans. Zn + 2HCl ---------> ZnCl2+ H2
Q3. Give reasons
for the following:
(i)
Hydrogen
chloride gas cannot be dried over quick lime.
[1][2012]
Show Answer
Ans. Hydrogen chloride gas cannot be dried over quick lime because quick lime being basic reacts with acidic hydrogen chloride gas.
(ii)
Hydrogen
chloride gas fumes in moist air. [2020][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Hydrogen Chloride gas fumes in moist air due to the formation of hydrochloric acid on reacting with atmospheric water vapour.
Q4. State one
chemical test to distinguish between
each of the following pairs:
(i)
Manganese
dioxide and copper (II) oxide [1][2012][2019]
Show Answer
Ans. Manganese dioxide reacts with concentrated hydrochloric acid to give chlorine gas, which is greenish yellow in colour, whereas copper(II) oxide reacts with concentrated hydrochloric acid to give CuCl2, but no chlorine gas is evolved.
(ii)
Sodium chloride
solution and sodium nitrate solution.[2013][1]
Show Answer
Ans. On adding silver nitrate solution, a white precipitate is formed with sodium chloride whereas no reaction takes place with sodium nitrate.
(iii)
Hydrogen
chloride gas and Hydrogen sulphide gas.
[2013][1]
Show Answer
Ans. When a rod dipped in ammonium hydroxide is brought near both the gases, dense white fumes are formed with hydrogen chloride gas whereas no reaction takes place with hydrogen sulphide gas.
(iv)
Sodium chloride
and sodium nitrate solution. [2][2018]
Show Answer
Ans. When silver nitrate solution is added to each of the solutions, a white precipitate is formed with sodium chloride whereas no precipitate is formed with sodium nitrate.
(v)
Magnesium
chloride and magnesium nitrate [2020]
Show Answer
Ans. When silver nitrate is added to each of them, a white precipitate is formed with magnesium chloride whereas no reaction takes place with magnesium nitrate.
Q5. Identify the
gas evolved in the following
reactions:
(i) Potassium
sulphite is treated with dilute hydrochloric
acid.[2013][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Sulphur dioxide
(ii) Concentrated
hydrochloric acid is made to react with
manganese dioxide. [1][2013]
Show Answer
Ans. Chlorine
(iii) Action of dilute
hydrochloric acid on sodium
sulphide.[2018][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Hydrogen sulphide
Q6. State one
appropriate observation for each of the
following:
(i)
Copper sulphide
is treated with dilute hydrochloric
acid. [1][2013]
Show Answer
Ans. A gas with rotten egg smell is released which turns moist blue litmus paper red.
(ii)
Copper sulphide
is treated with dilute hydrochloric
acid.[2013][1]
Show Answer
Ans. A gas with rotten egg smell is released.
(iii)
A few drops of
dilute hydrochloric acid are added to
silver nitrate solution, followed by addition of ammonium hydroxide
solution.[2013][1]
Show Answer
Ans. A white precipitate is formed which dissolves on addition of ammonium hydroxide solution.
(iv)
Dilute
hydrochloric acid is added to sodium carbonate
crystals.[2014][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Brisk effervescence takes place due to evolution of carbon dioxide which turns limewater milky.
(v)
Dilute
hydrochloric acid is added to lead nitrate
solution and the mixture is heated. [1][2016][2018]
Show Answer
Ans. White precipitate of lead chloride is formed which dissolves on heating.
(vi) Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to copper carbonate. [2016][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Brisk effervescence takes place due to the evolution of carbon dioxide which turns limewater milky.
(vii)
Dilute
hydrochloric acid is added to sodium
thiosulphate. [2016][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Yellow precipitate of sulphur is formed.
(viii) Action of dilute hydrochloric acid on iron(II) sulphide. [2017][1]
Show Answer
Ans. A gas with rotten egg smell is released.
Q7. Identify the
following substances which are
underlined:
(i)
An alkaline
gas
which produces dense white fumes when reacted with hydrogen chloride gas.
[2013][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Ammonia
(ii)
A
gas
which does not conduct electricity in liquid state but conducts electricity
when dissolved in water.[2013][1]
Show Answer
Ans. hydrogen chloride
(iii)
The gas
which produces dense white fumes with
ammonia gas. [2015][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Hydrogen chloride
(iv)
The acid
which on mixing with silver nitrate
solution produces a white precipitate which is soluble in excess ammonium
hydroxide. [2015][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Hydrochloric acid
(v) A solid formed by the reaction of two gases, one of which is acidic and the other basic in nature.[2017]
Show Answer
Ans. Ammonium chloride
(vi)
An acid
which on adding to lead nitrate
solution produces a white precipitate which is soluble on heating. [1][2022]
Show Answer
Ans. Hydrochloric acid
Q8. Fill in the
blanks from the choices given within
brackets:
(i)
Quicklime is not
used to dry HCl gas because _____
(CaO is alkaline, CaO is acidic, CaO is neutral.) [2014][1]
Show Answer
Ans. CaO is alkaline
(ii) _____ is a white precipitate soluble in excess of NH4OH. (AgCl, PbCl2) [2016][1]
Show Answer
Ans. AgCl
(iii) Potassium sulphite on reacting with hydrochloric acid releases _____ (Cl2, SO2 , H2S) [2017]
Show Answer
Ans. SO2
(iv)
Dry hydrogen
chloride gas can be collected by ________
displacement of air. (upward/downward) [2018]
Show Answer
Ans. upward
(v) When concentrated sulphuric acid is heated with sodium chloride below 200⁰C, one of the products formed is ______(sodium hydrogen sulphate, sodium sulphate, chlorine) [2019][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Sodium hydrogen sulphate
(vi) The acid which cannot act as an oxidising agent is ______(conc. sulphuric acid, conc. nitric acid, conc. hydrochloric acid)[2020][1]
Show Answer
Ans. conc. hydrochloric acid
Q9. In the
laboratory preparation of hydrochloric acid,
HCl gas is dissolved in water. [5][2011]
(i) Draw a diagram to show the arrangement used for the absorption of HCl in water.
Show Answer
(ii)
Why is such an
arrangement necessary? Give two
reasons.
Show Answer
Ans. The funnel arrangement is necessary because:
1. It prevents or minimizes back suction of water.
2. It provides a large surface area for absorption of HCl gas.
(iii)
Write the
chemical equations for the laboratory
preparation of HCl gas when the reactants are:
a.
below 200°C
b.
above 200°C
Show Answer
a. NaCl + H2SO4 ---below 200⁰C----> NaHSO4 + HCl
b. 2NaCl + H2SO4 ---above 200⁰C----> Na2SO4 + 2HCl
Q10. Some word/words
are missing in the following
statements. You are required to rewrite the statements in the correct form
using the appropriate word/words:
(i)
Aqua regia
contains one part by volume of nitric acid
and three parts by volume of hydrochloric acid. [1][2012]
Show Answer
Ans. Aqua regia contains one part by volume of concentrated nitric acid and three parts by volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid.
Q11. Identify the
anion present in the following compounds:
When a solution
of compound Y is treated with silver
nitrate solution, a white precipitate is obtained which is soluble in excess of
ammonium hydroxide solution. [1][2012]
Show Answer
Ans. Chloride ion
Q12. Refer to the flow chart diagram below and give balanced equations with conditions, if any, for the following conversions A to D. [4][2012]
Show Answer
Ans.
A. NaCl + H2SO4 ---below 200⁰C----> NaHSO4 + HCl
B. Fe + 2HCl --------> FeCl2
C. NH3 + HCl ----> NH4Cl
D. Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl ------> PbCl2↓ + 2HNO3
Q13. State a safety
precaution you would take during the
preparation of hydrochloric acid.[2015
Show Answer
Ans. Hydrogen chloride gas should be dissolved in water by using inverted funnel arrangement.
Q14. The following
questions are pertaining to the
laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas: [2015]
(i)
Write the
equation for its preparation mentioning the
condition required. [1][Specimen 2023]
Show Answer
Ans. NaCl + H2SO4 ---below 200⁰C----> NaHSO4 + HCl
(ii)
Name the drying
agent used and justify your choice.
[2]
Show Answer
Ans. The drying agent used is conc. sulphuric acid because it does not react with hydrogen chloride gas.
(iii)
State a safety
precaution you would take during the
preparation of hydrochloric acid.[1]
Show Answer
Ans. Hydrogen chloride gas should be dissolved in water by using inverted funnel arrangement.
Q15. Identify the gas
evolved and give the chemical test in
each of the following cases:
(i)
Action of dilute
hydrochloric acid on sodium
sulphite.[2016]
Show Answer
Ans. Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
Chemical test- It changes orange acidified potassium dichromate green.
(ii)
Dilute
hydrochloric acid reacts with iron(II)
sulphide. [2016]
Show Answer
Ans. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S)
Chemical test- It turns lead acetate paper black.
Q16. Choose the property of sulphuric acid which is relevant to preparation of hydrogen chloride gas.
A. Typical acid property
B. Non-volatile acid
C. Oxidising agent
D. Dehydrating agent. [2016]
Show Answer
Ans. B. Non-volatile acid
Q17. How will you
distinguish between dilute hydrochloric
acid and dilute sulphuric acid using lead nitrate solution?[2017][1]
Show Answer
Ans. When lead nitrate solution is added to each of the acids:
With dilute hydrochloric acid, a white precipitate of lead chloride is formed which dissolves on heating.
With dilute sulphuric acid, a white precipitate of lead sulphate is formed which is insoluble even on heating.
Q18. Certain blank
spaces are left in the following table
and these are labelled as A and B. Identify each of them: [2017][2]
|
|
Laboratory
preparation of
|
Reactants
used
|
Products
formed
|
Drying
agent
|
Method
of collection
|
|
(i)
|
HCl
gas
|
NaCl
+H2SO4
|
A
|
conc.
sulphuric acid
|
B
|
Show Answer
Ans. A) NaHSO4 + HCl
B) upward displacement of air
Q19. Name the acid
used for the preparation of hydrogen
chloride gas in the laboratory. Why is this particular acid preferred to other
acids? [2018][2]
Show Answer
Ans. Sulphuric acid is used for the preparation of hydrogen chloride gas in the laboratory. It is preferred to other acids because it is non-volatile.
Q20. Write balanced
chemical equation for the laboratory
preparation of hydrogen chloride gas. [2018][1]
Show Answer
Ans. NaCl + H2SO4 – --below 200°C-----> NaHSO4 + HCl
Q21. For the
preparation of hydrochloric acid in the
laboratory:
(i)
Why is direct
absorption of hydrogen chloride gas in
water not feasible?[2018][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Direct absorption of hydrogen chloride gas in water is not feasible because it is highly soluble in water and causes backsuction.
(ii)
What arrangement
is done to dissolve hydrogen chloride
gas in water?[2018][1]
Show Answer
Ans. Inverted funnel arrangement
Q22. Hydrogen
chloride gas is prepared in the laboratory
using concentrated sulphuric acid and sodium chloride. Answer the questions
that follow based on this reaction:
(i)
Give the
balanced chemical equation for the laboratory
preparation of hydrogen chloride gas, with conditions (if any). [2020]
Show Answer
Ans. NaCl + H2SO4 ---below 200⁰C----> NaHSO4 + HCl
(ii)
Why is
concentrated sulphuric acid used instead of
concentrated nitric acid, in the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride?
[2020][Specimen 2023]
Show Answer
Ans. Concentrated sulphuric acid is used instead of concentrated nitric acid in the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas because concentrated sulphuric acid is non-volatile whereas concentrated nitric acid is volatile and may volatilize out with hydrogen chloride.
(iii)
How is the gas
collected? [2020][Specimen 2023]
Show Answer
Ans. It is collected by downward delivery/upward displacement of air.
(iv)
Name the drying
agent which is not used for drying
hydrogen chloride gas. [2020]
Show Answer
Ans. Quicklime(CaO) or Phosphorus pentoxide(P2O5 ). [Write any one]
Q23. Write the
products and balance the equation: [Specimen
2023]
ZnS + HCl
-------->
Show Answer
Ans. ZnS + 2HCl -----> ZnCl2 + H2S
Q24. Distinguish
between the following as directed:
[Specimen 2023]
a.
Sodium carbonate
and sodium sulphate by using dilute
HCl
Show Answer
Ans. Sodium carbonate: On adding dilute HCl, brisk effervescence takes place due to the evolution of CO2, which turns limewater milky and has no effect on potassium permanganate solution.
Sodium sulphate: On adding dilute HCl, a gas with smell of burning sulphur is produced which turns limewater milky and decolourises pink potassium permanganate solution.
Q25. Identify the
terms for the following:
a.
The experiment
used to determine the high solubility
of HCl gas. [1][2022]
Show Answer
Ans. Fountain gas
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