State the type of bonding in the following molecules. (a) Water (b) Calcium oxide (c) Hydrogen chloride

Question: 

State the type of bonding in the following molecules. 

(a) Water 

(b) Calcium oxide 

(c) Hydrogen chloride

Solution:

(a) Covalent bond

(b) Electrovalent bond

(c) Covalent bond

Explanation:

(a) In water, Hydrogen (electronic configuration, 1) needs 1 electron to attain the configuration of the nearest noble gas, Helium 

and Oxygen (electronic configuration, 2, 6) needs 2 electrons to attain the configuration of the nearest noble gas, Neon. Since both of them are in need of electrons, they will share electrons and will form a covalent bond.

(b) calcium with electronic configuration 2, 8, 8, 2 will donate 2 electrons and oxygen with electronic configuration 2, 6 will accept two electrons. Thus, there will be complete transfer of electrons and thus electrovalent bond is formed.

(c) Hydrogen with electronic configuration 1 needs 1 electron to attain the configuration of the nearest noble gas, Helium. Chlorine with electronic configuration 2, 8, 7 will accept one electron to attain the configuration of the nearest noble gas, Argon. Since both of them need electrons, they will share electrons . Covalent bond is formed.